The museum presents outstanding works of classical modernism in the western Stüler Building opposite Charlottenburg Palace. Under the title "Picasso and His Time," paintings, sculptures and works on paper are shown on three floors. With over 100 exhibits, Picasso's work is at the center of the collection. His work can be seen in all its facets: from a sheet from his student days in 1897 to works from 1972, which were created a year before the artist's death. Pink and Blue periods are represented, as well as the phases of Cubism and Classicism. Since the 1920s, different stylistic characteristics are united in the works.

The second focus of the collection is formed by over 60 paintings by Paul Klee. Small-format and fragile, they depict the poetic world of the painter from 1917 to 1940. Henri Matisse is represented with over 20 works, including more than half a dozen of the famous silhouettes. Sculptural ensembles by Alberto Giacometti and examples of African sculpture round out the core of the collection. Since the opening of the house in 1996, Heinz Berggruen has continuously purchased additional works. A total of 165 works were transferred to the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in 2000. After Heinz Berggruen's death in 2007, his family agreed to make further works acquired by Heinz Berggruen available on loan and to continue to supplement the collection with their own acquisitions.

With the expansion of the Museum Berggruen to include the neighboring Kommandantenhaus on Spandauer Damm and a sculpture garden, space was created for this in 2013. The architectural firm Kuehn Malvezzi created a glass walkway that has since connected the two historic buildings.

The house has been closed since 5 September 2022 due to a major overhaul; the reopening is planned for 2025. The works will be on view at other National Gallery locations and on tour abroad during the closure period.